{"id":339,"count":10,"description":"V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou peptidov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010diva pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v r\u016fzn\u00fdch terapeutick\u00fdch oblastech, jako je diabetes, alergie, antiinfekce, obezita, diagnostika, onkologie, artritida a kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi chemick\u00fdmi l\u00e9ky s malou molekulou maj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed peptidov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010diva jedine\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, jako je mal\u00e1 molekulov\u00e1 hmotnost, jednoduch\u00e1 struktura a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 imunogenicita; jasn\u00fd mechanismus \u00fa\u010dinku a n\u00edzk\u00e9 vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky; vysok\u00e1 syntetick\u00e1 \u010distota a snadn\u00e1 synt\u00e9za. V posledn\u00edch letech je m\u00edra r\u016fstu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho trhu s peptidov\u00fdmi l\u00e9\u010divy vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 12 % a velikost trhu se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 20 miliard\u00e1m USD, co\u017e je v\u00edce ne\u017e celkov\u00fd trh s l\u00e9\u010divy. Podle pr\u016fzkumu Transparency Market Research se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trh s peptidov\u00fdmi l\u00e9\u010divy v roce 2020 dos\u00e1hne 23,7 miliardy USD a stane se d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm sm\u011brem pro v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div zahrani\u010dn\u00edch farmaceutick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Farmaceutick\u00e9 giganty Pfizer, Merck, Roche, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi, Bayer a dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e9 nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed farmaceutick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v posledn\u00edch letech investuj\u00ed do v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje peptidov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div. V sou\u010dasnosti jsou glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi reprezentativn\u00edmi peptidov\u00fdmi l\u00e9ky liraglutid, dulaglutid, glatiramer acet\u00e1t, leuprorelin acet\u00e1t, oktreotid acet\u00e1t, goserelin a eserin. goserelin a exenatid atd.\r\n\r\nNyn\u00ed antidiabetick\u00e9 peptidy v\u010detn\u011b Exenatid Acetate CAS 141732-76-5<\/a>, GLP-1 (7-37) CAS 106612-94-6<\/a>, Glucagon CAS 16941-32-5<\/a>, Dulaglutid CAS 923950-08-7<\/a>, Albiglutid CAS 782500-75-8<\/a>, Liraglutid CAS 204656-20-2<\/a>, Lisiraglide CAS 320367-13-3<\/a>, Pramlintid Acetate CAS 196078-30-5<\/a>, Tirzepatid CAS 2023788-19-2<\/a>, Semaglutid Cas 910463-68-2<\/a>.\r\n\r\nDiabetes je chronick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s mnoha rizikov\u00fdmi faktory, slo\u017eitou patogenez\u00ed a celo\u017eivotn\u00edm pr\u016fb\u011bhem. Pacienti s hyperglyk\u00e9mi\u00ed jsou \u010dasto doprov\u00e1zeni hypertenz\u00ed, hyperlipid\u00e9mi\u00ed a inzulinovou rezistenc\u00ed. Hypertenze a hyperglyk\u00e9mie se \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b, zat\u00edmco asi 60 % pacient\u016f s hypertenz\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt zv\u00fd\u0161enou hladinu cukru v krvi nebo abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed toleranci gluk\u00f3zy.\r\n\r\nPrediabetes je zalo\u017een p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na intervenc\u00edch v oblasti \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu a po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed je kontrola gluk\u00f3zy v krvi peror\u00e1ln\u00edmi hypoglykemick\u00fdmi l\u00e9ky reprezentovan\u00fdmi metforminem. Kdy\u017e pacient\u016fv glykosylovan\u00fd hemoglobin po vysok\u00e9 d\u00e1vce peror\u00e1ln\u00edch hypoglykemick\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f st\u00e1le p\u0159ekra\u010duje 7, je nutn\u00e1 inzulinov\u00e1 terapie. Inzulin je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby t\u0159et\u00ed a \u010dtvrt\u00e9 linie a posledn\u00ed obrannou lini\u00ed pro pacienty s diabetem. V posledn\u00edch letech zna\u010dn\u011b rostly inhibitory DPP-4, agonist\u00e9 receptoru GLP-1 a inhibitory SGLT2.\r\n\r\nV 80. letech 20. stolet\u00ed bylo objeveno, \u017ee glukagonu podobn\u00fd peptid-1 (GLP-1) m\u00e1 fyziologick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky, jako je stimulace synt\u00e9zy a sekrece inzul\u00ednu z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na gluk\u00f3ze, inhibice apopt\u00f3zy ostr\u016fvkov\u00fdch B-bun\u011bk a suprese sekrece glukagonu. GLP-1 a gluk\u00f3ze-dependentn\u00ed proinzulin sekretuj\u00edc\u00ed polypeptid (GIP) jsou uvol\u0148ov\u00e1ny st\u0159evem v pr\u016fb\u011bhu dne a jejich hladiny se zvy\u0161uj\u00ed po j\u00eddle. GLP-1 a GIP zvy\u0161uj\u00ed synt\u00e9zu a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed inzul\u00ednu, kdy\u017e jsou koncentrace gluk\u00f3zy v krvi norm\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9. aktivita GLP-1 a GIP je inhibov\u00e1na dipeptidylpeptid\u00e1zou DPP-IV (DPP-IV), kter\u00e1 rychle hydrolyzuje enteroglukagon a inaktivuje jej. Inhibice aktivity DPP-IV sni\u017euje degradaci enteroglukagonu, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje koncentraci aktivn\u00edho GLP-1 a GIP v plazm\u011b a podporuje uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed inzul\u00ednu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sni\u017euje hladinu gluk\u00f3zy v krvi. Peptidov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010diva zalo\u017een\u00e1 na inhibici DPP-IV jsou proto tak\u00e9 hork\u00fdmi m\u00edsty pro v\u00fdvoj, ale sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum je st\u00e1le zam\u011b\u0159en na v\u00fdvoj a vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch funk\u010dn\u00edch peptid\u016f a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 souvisej\u00edc\u00ed peptidov\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010diva nebyla uvedena na trh. V\u011bt\u0161ina schv\u00e1len\u00fdch peptidov\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f pro kontrolu glyk\u00e9mie u diabetick\u00fdch pacient\u016f jsou agonist\u00e9 receptoru GLP-1 a celosv\u011btov\u011b je dostupn\u00fdch 8 agonist\u016f receptoru GLP-1, jmenovit\u011b somalutid, exenatid, liraglutid, abilify, dulaglutid, lisnatid a benalutid. Pokud jde o somalutid, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed gluk\u00f3zy a \u00fabytek hmotnosti u pacient\u016f s diabetem 2. typu l\u00e9\u010den\u00fdch jednou t\u00fddn\u011b injekc\u00ed somalutidu byly v\u00fdznamn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u placeba, selegilinu, glargin inzul\u00ednu U100 a exenatidu s prodlou\u017een\u00fdm uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm. A t\u00fddenn\u00ed formulace dulaglutidu, liraglutidu, somalutidu a exenatidu jsou dlouhodob\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed formulace, kter\u00e9 lze udr\u017eovat po dobu jednoho t\u00fddne. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak n\u011bkter\u00e9 ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky agonist\u016f receptoru GLP-1, kter\u00e9 obecn\u011b neovliv\u0148uj\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad exelutid a liraglutid maj\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00ed frekvence.","link":"https:\/\/puyapeptide.net\/cs\/product-category\/peptid-diabetu\/","name":"Peptid diabetu","slug":"peptid-diabetu","taxonomy":"product_cat","parent":0,"meta":[],"menu_order":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/puyapeptide.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat\/339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/puyapeptide.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/puyapeptide.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taxonomies\/product_cat"}],"wp:post_type":[{"href":"https:\/\/puyapeptide.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product?product_cat=339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}